Hyperthyroidism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hyperthyroidism - Research Paper Example It very well may be treated in an assortment of ways, with the specialist choosing the best technique for treatment subsequent to contemplating the age, history and reason for the sickness of individual patients . The malady is more typical in ladies than in men and infrequently influences youngsters underneath 15 years of age.It is assessed that 1% of the US populace has hyperthyroidism. It is frequently found in old individuals who are more than 60 years old as thyroid knobs that are irregularities in the thyroid organ. The condition is treated with against thyroid medications, medical procedure, or radioactive iodine. Individuals with hyperthyroidism can live typical, dynamic lives with ordinary observing and clinical consideration. The human endocrine framework is comprised of organs that emit hormones that are discharged into the circulatory system and keep up the body’s metabolism.The endocrine organs are the primary hormone creating organs in the human body. The thyroid organ in the neck is one of the organs of the endocrine framework, the pituitary organ in the mind is another. The pituitary organ which is about the size of a pea, is situated at the base of the cerebrum. It is frequently alluded to as the ace organ since it controls a few organs in the endocrine framework. ... Iodine is a significant segment of the thyroid hormone. At the point when the thyroid organ creates a lot of the thyroid hormone, it brings about a condition referred to as Hyperthyroidism normally known as overactive thyroid. It is some of the time called thyrotoxicosis which is the specialized term for an excess of thyroid hormone in the blood. The term hyperthyroidism alludes to a gathering of scatters that are related with expanded degrees of thyroid hormone in the blood. â€Å"Hyperthyroidism influences 2.5 million individuals in the United States, yet could influence up to 4.5 million individuals since the greater part of the individuals with thyroid sickness don't realize they have it. Despite the fact that it happens at all ages, hyperthyroidism is well on the way to happen after the time of 15.†(Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative medication 2005) The term hyperthyroidism is utilized to allude to illnesses that are caused because of over the top creation of the hormones delivered in the thyroid organ. The thyroid organ produces two hormones - One containing 4 units of iodine called Thyroxin (T4) and the other called triiodothyronine (T3) which contains three units of iodine. These two hormones control the body's metabolic rate by assisting with shaping protein ribonucleic corrosive (RNA) and expanding oxygen assimilation in each cell. An expansion in metabolic action, is the manner by which cells react to the thyroid hormone. Metabolic movement, or digestion, alludes to the procedures in the body that produce vitality. The concoction substances important for cells to develop, separate, to frame new cells, and perform other crucial capacities are for the most part forms included under the term digestion . Digestion controls the rate at which cells consume energizes from food to create vitality. Increment

Communication Skills for Postgraduate Study †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Communication Skills for Postgraduate Study. Answer: Overpopulation in India, Global Issue: Introduction Overpopulation is a genuine danger to our own reality (Lahore, 2017). This issue ought not be tended to just in only not many nations rather it is the significant issue that should be tended to in the entire world. India is the away from of expanding populace as each edge of India is packed. This report outlines the reasons for quick development of populace in India and outcomes of overpopulation. This report likewise examines a portion of the strategies and techniques to control the over populace in India so as to make the pace between the fast development of populace and financial development. Conversation India is currently the living spot for 1.2 billion individuals and by the center of this century, the number of inhabitants in India is anticipated to increment to 1.8 billion individuals. As per the Indian Census of 2011, the number of inhabitants in India was 1,210,193,422 which demonstrated that India is following the China if there should arise an occurrence of populace development. The different examinations directed by specialists have evaluated that shockingly India will be worldwide number one most crowded nation before the finish of year 2025. In India, each side of the nations represents overpopulation as the quantity of individuals is expanding at an exceptionally quick rate contrasted with the developing framework. The confirmations of overpopulation can be found in each spot, for example, in metro station, railroad station, streets, market, emergency clinic and others. The issue of overpopulation is developing consistently with no indication of control. These spots are packed with individuals simply battling to modify itself in the given zone. For instance, in clinics and railroad station individuals are seen enduring because of absence of spots, for example, patients in emergency clinic are simply left on grounds because of inaccessibility of beds and are not treated. This has been the expanding worry about the general public; be that as it may, nothing being accomplished for the reason. The populace has just been expanding at an exceptionally quick rate and is evaluated to increment significantly further (Singh, Sing h, Srivastava 2016). The confirmations are found in each city of the nation, for example, New Delhi, the capital of the nation alone depicts a populace of 23 million. This contains an enormous piece of the 1.8 billion absolute populace of the nation. This shows the megacities of the nation have immense populace contrasted with little urban communities. In this manner, a hole is in a flash noticeable between various urban areas of the nation in regards to populace pressure. Weight of populace is found in the nation as per ongoing investigates it is assessed that the organization includes 700,000 occupants consistently. This shows the level of populace pressure the nation permits in its limit, which is causing packing in numerous spots (Basha 2016). The measure of overpopulation is additionally obvious in the general public as the majority of the individuals can't get the entrance to fundamental comforts of life. Individuals are stuck in lines and group for city trucks to gracefully waters in a portion of the regions particularly ghettos. This shows the worry and expanding Global issues in the nation that emerges from a significant issue that is overpopulation (Coale, Johnson, Edgar 2015). The Indias populace is extending because of headway in clinical advances and development underway of horticulture (Lahore, 2017). The other reason for the development of populace in India is that the birth rate is higher than the demise rate. As it is observed that the birth rate is expanding consistently in the nation in view of different explanation. In any case, the nation has had the option to lessen the demise rate, there are as yet expanding birth rate. This the mix of low demise rate and expanding birth rate has expanded the weight considerably more on the nation without any indications of control. The explanation of expanding populace is additionally obvious because of advancement in the way of life of the individuals and increment in future (Cassen 2016). It is recommended by the hypothesis of segment change that after certain degree of decrease in birth rate and family estimates, the richness level of the individuals will again increment as the nation creates. Therefore, th e capacity of the nation to recuperate from underdevelopment to improvement is causing negative effects, which is noticeable from populace development (Thomas 2014). The general act of early marriage of young ladies despite everything exists in the India which is likewise one of the reasons for higher birth pace of babies (Phukan, 2014). Another significant calculate prompting overpopulation India is the neediness as individuals feel that more kids will procure more cash. Notwithstanding it, lack of education is additionally one of the main variables for fast development of the populace. Another reason for congestion is the relationship between's the circumstance of overpopulation and neediness. The connection exists unequivocally between these two factors as because of expanding destitution and failure of the individuals to purchase contraception measure prompts populace development. They can't accepting the cutting edge strategies and instruments by which they can control the introduction of youngsters. In addition, destitution likewise prompts failure of the individuals to take great instruction from a well famous spot, which prompts absence of education. Such circumstance makes it unfit for the individuals to understand the negative impact of populace development and significance of populace control (Moghadam, He lbich 2013). Another factor is the well established standards as in India individuals accepts that male youngster is the bread worker of the families and guardians are pressurized to deliver the kids till male kid is born(Phukan, 2014). Relocation is one more explanation of developing populace in the nation as individuals are moving from other nation to India for different reasons. The greater part of the relocation is unlawful in the nation, for example, from Bangladesh. These individuals relocate to India for some criminal operations and afterward start another living here. In any case, the primary driver of such expanding illicit relocation is the terrible and improper political structure of the nation. These legislators and their competition permit these individuals to settle in the nation for their own advantages and money related qualities (Bokde, Gupta, Kulat 2017). There are a few effects of overpopulation. As a matter of first importance, there is joblessness as it is hard to produce work for such an immense populace. Also, there is pressure on framework as the foundation offices advancement isn't staying up with the fast extension of populace. In addition, the quantity of ghettos, packed houses and traffic clog increments with fast development of populace. Not just this, the assets are being overutilised which prompts deficiency of assets and the assets like woods; land zones are being over abused. There is inconsistent allotment of the imbalances and pay inside the nation as the populace is developing at fast rate in India (Phukan, 2017). Another significant effect of over populace is fall in capital development. Close about 35% of the populace in India is beneath the age of 14 who are reliant on others for their endurance. Accordingly, the limit diminishes because of weight of ward which brings about the destruction of capital development (Ram, 2014). Fast development of populace presses farming area and prompts a few natural issues like water contamination , air contamination , land contamination and clamor contamination (B. Joson.etal, 2010) India is experiencing financial imbalance, which is bringing forth the destitution at an expanded rate. The issue of overpopulation included developed progressively basic nature because of the headways in the field of man-made consciousness. Mechanization has expected to undermine 70% lose in workforce alongside the million of occupation misfortunes which are now occurring in the creation segments of IT. Internet business has needed to take up this far because of the cuts in position which isn't as serious as in the commercial center. Unreasonable populace is prompting the breakdown of the organizations and it is making all arrangements to acquire upgrades the framework of the nation. This further fuses Government of India which is attempting to sanction changes since the hour of Independence (Singh et al 2015). The aftereffect of the development of populace is a more serious issue that the whole world would confront later or sooner. Drinking water, medicines of sewage, absence of precipitation, fast theft of the common assets and the eradication of numerous creature and plant species because of the overabundance cutting of trees and the loss of financial framework, expanding the degree of perilous water, air and because of the extraordinary neediness, these issues are occurring at a bigger scope. Because of overpopulation, there is an expansion in the quantity of jobless individuals and the improvement of the business is moderate (Grimmet et al 2013; Singh et al 2015). This came about to the correspondence hole and the absence of medicinal services, instruction and lodging. Creation in food is diminishing and this is additionally prompting the expanding of the cost of the rest of the food. With the expanding of populace, there is a biased dissemination of the salary, which is making the nee diness in India serious. The lack of education is likewise liable for the development of populace. Early relationships and overabundance labor with no family arranging is additionally a significant effect of the over populace. To top of this, joblessness is another significant consequence of the effect of this greater issue. At last, the over populace is influencing the adjustments in the financial pattern of the nation. In any case, with the progression in the field of innovation in India, is prompting the decay of youngster death rate in India (Grimmet et al 2013) So as to control the number of inhabitants in India, the administration of India should begin a populace approach so quick development of populace can stay up with the financial development of the nation (Phukan, 2017). Expanding the government assistance and s

Graphene

Graphene There have been many exciting advancements in the field of materials science in the past quarter century. Perhaps none has generated the enthusiasm and excitement as the substance known as Graphene. This substance is pure carbon in the form of sheets one atom thick. Graphene is estimated to be 200 times stronger than steel, is as flexible as rubber, and conducts heat and electricity extremely efficiently. Further, because it is only an atom thick, it is nearly two-dimensional, imbuing it with many interesting light-related, and water-related properties.Graphene is not a naturally occurring substance. Even though it had been theorized by physicists since the 1960s, it was only produced for the first time in 2004. Back then, production methods made Graphene usage prohibitively expensive; however, over the past decade, academics and corporate researchers have made great strides in reducing production costs. And as those costs drop further with each passing year, Graphene is poised to re volutionize the fields of medicine, electronics, computing, and more. © Shutterstock.com | Anna KireievaIn this article we will look at 1) overview of materials and RD, 2) discovery of Graphene, 3) properties of Graphene, 4) benefits of Graphene, 5) Graphene production, 6) commercial usage of Graphene, and 7) current potential applications of Graphene.OVERVIEW OF MATERIALS AND RDWhile Graphene may have garnered considerable public interest, it remains to be seen exactly how much impact it will have. And each day, physicists and chemists are delving deeper into the physical world, learning more and more about the building blocks of our world and how they may be harnessed to build new things.Notable developments and trendsShortly after Graphene’s discovery in 2004, the editorial team at Materials Today compiled a list of the top 10 breakthroughs in materials science in the past 50 years. Graphene was notably absent from the list, but present were some of the biggest areas of discovery and commercial interest, including:Carbon fiber reinforced plastic s â€" used in racecars, and bikes, among other applications;Materials for Li ion batteries â€" used in laptops and cellphones;Carbon nanotubes â€" few commercial applications currently, but these will likely play a central role in emerging nanotechnologies;Metamaterials â€" recent experiments involving these resulted in a prototype invisibility cloak.By 2013, however, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers noted Graphene production as number one of their top five trends in mechanical engineering, along with:Electric ink, which would allow people to “write” their own circuit boards;Multi-ferroics, which could significantly enhance data storage;Nano anodes, which could create rapidly rechargeable batteries; andNanotube threads, which could be used to eventually build a space elevator.Key players in materials RDBecause of their various applications, research in materials science is performed and funded by a diverse group of players. Many governments allocate research funding for innovations that have the potential to have tangible economic impact. Militaries have interests in many of these discoveries; for example, the U.S. Army has provided funding for the metamaterials experiments surrounding the invisibility cloak. Academics often lead the way in research, with breakthroughs often resulting from teams for researchers from disparate universities. Outside of governments, militaries, and institutions of higher education, much direct investment in materials science research comes from corporations.DISCOVERY OF GRAPHENEGraphene existed in theory in 1962, when chemist Hanns-Peter Boehm described it in a paper published in the Journal of Inorganic and General Chemistry. But in 2003, Russian physicist Andre Geim, then studying at the University of Manchester, set about to produce it. He used scotch tape to pull up progressively thinner layers of graphite, and then dissolved the tape, which eventually left him with the first instances of Graphene. In 2004, Ge im and his research colleague Kostantin Novoselov, published an academic paper on the discovery, which has since become one of the most widely cited papers in the field of physics. For this work, he and Novoselov received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010.Graphene 200 times stronger than steel PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENEGraphene is a hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms bonded tightly together. Its sp2 hybridisation â€" a double bond between the carbon atoms, coupled with its especially thin atomic thickness, fuel its special properties. Its ability to conduct electricity and heat so effectively are believed to be a function of the carbon bonds being very small and strong. Being composed of singular carbon atoms, Graphene is also so thin as to be effectively two-dimensional, in addition to being extremely light weight. © Flickr | CORE-MaterialsBENEFITS OF GRAPHENEGraphene’s benefits are closely tied to its properties, which make it tremendously attractive as a raw material for the production of a wide variety of commercial goods. In short, Graphene’s major benefits are that it is highly conductive 200 times more conductive than silicon, and conducts heat very efficiently as well; thin â€" enough to be considered a 2D material; transparent; strong â€" approximately 200 times stronger than steel; light-weight; and flexible, while maintaining its strength and conductivity.What is Graphene[slideshare id=13776961doc=graphene-120727094303-phpapp01w=640h=330]GRAPHENE PRODUCTIONAs of 2014, Graphene is still a fairly expensive material to produce, though innovations in the production process have already reduced its price per cm. There are two main methods for producing Graphene: exfoliation and epitaxy.ExfoliationThe academic and commercial use of exfoliation, known as mechanical exfoliation, to prod uce Graphene is a refinement of the process Geim and Novoselov used to first produce it. It produces flakes of varying sizes (in powder form), which are considered natural Graphene, in volume. These readily have applications in polymer, paint, and lubricant production. There is also liquid-phase exfoliation, in which graphite is suspended in liquid and then exposed to high frequencies of sound to produce Graphene flakes.EpitaxyProducing Graphene through epitaxy (also known as chemical vapor deposition or CVD) involves heat treating a susbstrate, such as silicon carbide, nickel, copper or iridium in a gaseous atmosphere that reduces the substrate into Graphene. It produces a film of Graphene (considered synthetic Graphene), that is free of the impurities in natural Graphene, and lends itself readily to use as various electronic applications, and potentially even clothing. It is also the more expensive of the two methods.COMMERCIAL USAGE OF GRAPHENEFirms using GrapheneWhile Graphene i s still a relatively new material, many firms are racing to adopt it. These include, but are not limited to big name electronics brands, such as Samsung, IBM, Nokia, Google, SanDisk and Apple, who are looking for ways to incorporate it in their products. In 2013, a UK intellectual patent report noted that Samsung led all firms in Graphene-related patents with 405 worldwide. Given the growing market for the material graphite company Graftech International; deposition technology company Aixatron; UK-based Applied Graphene Technologies and more, are rapidly scaling up their research and production of Graphene to meet demand.Challenges of using GrapheneThe biggest challenge to the commercial usage of Graphene is the production cost. As of 2013, some vendors were charging as much as $60 per square inch, according to a recent Forbes article. This makes the integration of the material into electronics cost prohibitive. The manufacturing processes themselves are nascent, and, while they can reliably produce Graphene, they are in need of further refinement to bring the price point down. Another significant challenge is the fact that Graphene is such a good conductor that it cannot be switched off. It lacks what is known as a band-gap, which means that it cannot be adopted into electrical systems; however, recent research has seen promising developments addressing that problem.Projected growth of the Graphene marketHowever, most experts agree that Graphene has enormous upside potential. Not only are firms and universities racing to procure patents, but Graphene’s wide-range of potential applications ensure that demand will continue to grow. Research and Markets’ October 2013 “Global Graphene Market report” forecasts that the compound annual growth rate for Graphene is 60.4% over the period 2012 to 2016. This is driven primarily by massive RD expenditures from major firms like Samsung and IBM, as well as Graphene’s own attributes. In 2013, the European Union an nounced its plans to fund Graphene research that drives innovation and job growth over the next decade to the tune of €1 billion.CURRENT POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENEThe enthusiasm of corporate and academic researchers is understandable. Graphenes current and potential applications are astounding and could revolutionize many products, markets and fields. These include:MedicineApplications include the development of bioelectric sensors and bio imaging devices, drug and gene delivery, more effective powerful disinfectants, and DNA sequencing â€" pending safety and clinic trials, of course. Artificial implants are also being explored, that would be connected directly to your neural system, harnessing Graphene’s conductive properties. Graphene could also be used to produce more effective spinal surgical equipment.ComputingGraphene can be used to radically improve the processing power of computer chips. In January of 2014, IBM announced that they had created a Graphene chip 10, 000 times faster than standard chips. This was an analog chip, not a digital one, due to Graphene’s band gap. But future RD will likely bring us computers with Graphene â€"based CPUs that are more powerful than our current devices by several orders of magnitude, and that consume less energy.Electronics Graphene enthusiasts have long been touting Graphene’s potential to replace silicon in common electric circuitry but the band gap remains the challenge. However, Graphene’s transparency and flexibility will undoubtedly eventually transform the field of electronics. Scientists have been experimenting with quick charging batteries, high-quality headphones, flexible electronics, more capable photo-sensors, and virtually unbreakable touch screens, among other applications. The integration of Graphene into the field of optical electronics could lead to the eventual development of updatable e-paper, among other exciting new breakthroughs.Water purificationGraphene filters water and practically nothing else, making it perhaps the most effective water filtration material available. Lockheed Martin has a Graphene water filter in development, which they claim will reduce the energy costs of desalination plants by 99% but it is not yet on the market. Graphene production remains a challenge, but Graphene oxide, which is easier to produce, has similar water-related properties and is much easier and cheaper to produce. This could not only play a significant role in increasing the amount of potable drinking water worldwide (especially in developing countries), but could also have a tremendous effect on alcohol distillation methods.Waterproofing materialsWhile Graphene is an extremely efficient water filter, researchers at Vanderbilt University have found ways to apply it to other materials in ways that cause those materials to become either superabsorbent or super repellent. This has tremendous commercial potential when you consider waterproof materials, electronics, and buildings. Nokia is already working on developing a waterproof smartphone.Energy storageGraphene’s ability to conduct heat and electricity extremely effectively lend it to the development of more rapidly-charging batteries. Prototype Graphene smartphone batteries in development at UCLA and elsewhere cha rge fully in mere seconds. Graphene-based super capacitors are being explored for eventual usage in cellphones and other portable devices.Another application is in the production of more proficient photovoltaic cells, which could be used in clothing, and is of particular interest to firms developing wearable tech, such as Wearable Solar. Even the U.S. military is looking into photovoltaics to power military equipment in the field. As Graphene research and development continues, it will doubtlessly be integrated into commercial and military photovoltaic production.Other applicationsGraphene’s incorporation into other materials, such as paint, plastic, and polymer production, is being explored. A Grapheneâ€"based paint, applied to a device or a house for example, could conceivably also store solar energy, powering the device or home.Graphene’s strength and light weight lend themselves to the production of goods and parts typically utilizing plastics and polymers, such as car and p lane parts. Composites of Graphene plus plastics or polymers could be industry standards for everything from bikes to wind turbines in a few short years.Graphene is also being studied as a potential material for 3D printing. 3D printing is a type of additive manufacturing process in which printers can rapidly produce three dimensional objects from a digital file. This process has been used to print objects as simple as lampshades and as complex as one-story house. Image credits: Flickr | CORE-Materials under Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic.

Graphene

Graphene There have been many exciting advancements in the field of materials science in the past quarter century. Perhaps none has generated the enthusiasm and excitement as the substance known as Graphene. This substance is pure carbon in the form of sheets one atom thick. Graphene is estimated to be 200 times stronger than steel, is as flexible as rubber, and conducts heat and electricity extremely efficiently. Further, because it is only an atom thick, it is nearly two-dimensional, imbuing it with many interesting light-related, and water-related properties.Graphene is not a naturally occurring substance. Even though it had been theorized by physicists since the 1960s, it was only produced for the first time in 2004. Back then, production methods made Graphene usage prohibitively expensive; however, over the past decade, academics and corporate researchers have made great strides in reducing production costs. And as those costs drop further with each passing year, Graphene is poised to re volutionize the fields of medicine, electronics, computing, and more. © Shutterstock.com | Anna KireievaIn this article we will look at 1) overview of materials and RD, 2) discovery of Graphene, 3) properties of Graphene, 4) benefits of Graphene, 5) Graphene production, 6) commercial usage of Graphene, and 7) current potential applications of Graphene.OVERVIEW OF MATERIALS AND RDWhile Graphene may have garnered considerable public interest, it remains to be seen exactly how much impact it will have. And each day, physicists and chemists are delving deeper into the physical world, learning more and more about the building blocks of our world and how they may be harnessed to build new things.Notable developments and trendsShortly after Graphene’s discovery in 2004, the editorial team at Materials Today compiled a list of the top 10 breakthroughs in materials science in the past 50 years. Graphene was notably absent from the list, but present were some of the biggest areas of discovery and commercial interest, including:Carbon fiber reinforced plastic s â€" used in racecars, and bikes, among other applications;Materials for Li ion batteries â€" used in laptops and cellphones;Carbon nanotubes â€" few commercial applications currently, but these will likely play a central role in emerging nanotechnologies;Metamaterials â€" recent experiments involving these resulted in a prototype invisibility cloak.By 2013, however, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers noted Graphene production as number one of their top five trends in mechanical engineering, along with:Electric ink, which would allow people to “write” their own circuit boards;Multi-ferroics, which could significantly enhance data storage;Nano anodes, which could create rapidly rechargeable batteries; andNanotube threads, which could be used to eventually build a space elevator.Key players in materials RDBecause of their various applications, research in materials science is performed and funded by a diverse group of players. Many governments allocate research funding for innovations that have the potential to have tangible economic impact. Militaries have interests in many of these discoveries; for example, the U.S. Army has provided funding for the metamaterials experiments surrounding the invisibility cloak. Academics often lead the way in research, with breakthroughs often resulting from teams for researchers from disparate universities. Outside of governments, militaries, and institutions of higher education, much direct investment in materials science research comes from corporations.DISCOVERY OF GRAPHENEGraphene existed in theory in 1962, when chemist Hanns-Peter Boehm described it in a paper published in the Journal of Inorganic and General Chemistry. But in 2003, Russian physicist Andre Geim, then studying at the University of Manchester, set about to produce it. He used scotch tape to pull up progressively thinner layers of graphite, and then dissolved the tape, which eventually left him with the first instances of Graphene. In 2004, Ge im and his research colleague Kostantin Novoselov, published an academic paper on the discovery, which has since become one of the most widely cited papers in the field of physics. For this work, he and Novoselov received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010.Graphene 200 times stronger than steel PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENEGraphene is a hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms bonded tightly together. Its sp2 hybridisation â€" a double bond between the carbon atoms, coupled with its especially thin atomic thickness, fuel its special properties. Its ability to conduct electricity and heat so effectively are believed to be a function of the carbon bonds being very small and strong. Being composed of singular carbon atoms, Graphene is also so thin as to be effectively two-dimensional, in addition to being extremely light weight. © Flickr | CORE-MaterialsBENEFITS OF GRAPHENEGraphene’s benefits are closely tied to its properties, which make it tremendously attractive as a raw material for the production of a wide variety of commercial goods. In short, Graphene’s major benefits are that it is highly conductive 200 times more conductive than silicon, and conducts heat very efficiently as well; thin â€" enough to be considered a 2D material; transparent; strong â€" approximately 200 times stronger than steel; light-weight; and flexible, while maintaining its strength and conductivity.What is Graphene[slideshare id=13776961doc=graphene-120727094303-phpapp01w=640h=330]GRAPHENE PRODUCTIONAs of 2014, Graphene is still a fairly expensive material to produce, though innovations in the production process have already reduced its price per cm. There are two main methods for producing Graphene: exfoliation and epitaxy.ExfoliationThe academic and commercial use of exfoliation, known as mechanical exfoliation, to prod uce Graphene is a refinement of the process Geim and Novoselov used to first produce it. It produces flakes of varying sizes (in powder form), which are considered natural Graphene, in volume. These readily have applications in polymer, paint, and lubricant production. There is also liquid-phase exfoliation, in which graphite is suspended in liquid and then exposed to high frequencies of sound to produce Graphene flakes.EpitaxyProducing Graphene through epitaxy (also known as chemical vapor deposition or CVD) involves heat treating a susbstrate, such as silicon carbide, nickel, copper or iridium in a gaseous atmosphere that reduces the substrate into Graphene. It produces a film of Graphene (considered synthetic Graphene), that is free of the impurities in natural Graphene, and lends itself readily to use as various electronic applications, and potentially even clothing. It is also the more expensive of the two methods.COMMERCIAL USAGE OF GRAPHENEFirms using GrapheneWhile Graphene i s still a relatively new material, many firms are racing to adopt it. These include, but are not limited to big name electronics brands, such as Samsung, IBM, Nokia, Google, SanDisk and Apple, who are looking for ways to incorporate it in their products. In 2013, a UK intellectual patent report noted that Samsung led all firms in Graphene-related patents with 405 worldwide. Given the growing market for the material graphite company Graftech International; deposition technology company Aixatron; UK-based Applied Graphene Technologies and more, are rapidly scaling up their research and production of Graphene to meet demand.Challenges of using GrapheneThe biggest challenge to the commercial usage of Graphene is the production cost. As of 2013, some vendors were charging as much as $60 per square inch, according to a recent Forbes article. This makes the integration of the material into electronics cost prohibitive. The manufacturing processes themselves are nascent, and, while they can reliably produce Graphene, they are in need of further refinement to bring the price point down. Another significant challenge is the fact that Graphene is such a good conductor that it cannot be switched off. It lacks what is known as a band-gap, which means that it cannot be adopted into electrical systems; however, recent research has seen promising developments addressing that problem.Projected growth of the Graphene marketHowever, most experts agree that Graphene has enormous upside potential. Not only are firms and universities racing to procure patents, but Graphene’s wide-range of potential applications ensure that demand will continue to grow. Research and Markets’ October 2013 “Global Graphene Market report” forecasts that the compound annual growth rate for Graphene is 60.4% over the period 2012 to 2016. This is driven primarily by massive RD expenditures from major firms like Samsung and IBM, as well as Graphene’s own attributes. In 2013, the European Union an nounced its plans to fund Graphene research that drives innovation and job growth over the next decade to the tune of €1 billion.CURRENT POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENEThe enthusiasm of corporate and academic researchers is understandable. Graphenes current and potential applications are astounding and could revolutionize many products, markets and fields. These include:MedicineApplications include the development of bioelectric sensors and bio imaging devices, drug and gene delivery, more effective powerful disinfectants, and DNA sequencing â€" pending safety and clinic trials, of course. Artificial implants are also being explored, that would be connected directly to your neural system, harnessing Graphene’s conductive properties. Graphene could also be used to produce more effective spinal surgical equipment.ComputingGraphene can be used to radically improve the processing power of computer chips. In January of 2014, IBM announced that they had created a Graphene chip 10, 000 times faster than standard chips. This was an analog chip, not a digital one, due to Graphene’s band gap. But future RD will likely bring us computers with Graphene â€"based CPUs that are more powerful than our current devices by several orders of magnitude, and that consume less energy.Electronics Graphene enthusiasts have long been touting Graphene’s potential to replace silicon in common electric circuitry but the band gap remains the challenge. However, Graphene’s transparency and flexibility will undoubtedly eventually transform the field of electronics. Scientists have been experimenting with quick charging batteries, high-quality headphones, flexible electronics, more capable photo-sensors, and virtually unbreakable touch screens, among other applications. The integration of Graphene into the field of optical electronics could lead to the eventual development of updatable e-paper, among other exciting new breakthroughs.Water purificationGraphene filters water and practically nothing else, making it perhaps the most effective water filtration material available. Lockheed Martin has a Graphene water filter in development, which they claim will reduce the energy costs of desalination plants by 99% but it is not yet on the market. Graphene production remains a challenge, but Graphene oxide, which is easier to produce, has similar water-related properties and is much easier and cheaper to produce. This could not only play a significant role in increasing the amount of potable drinking water worldwide (especially in developing countries), but could also have a tremendous effect on alcohol distillation methods.Waterproofing materialsWhile Graphene is an extremely efficient water filter, researchers at Vanderbilt University have found ways to apply it to other materials in ways that cause those materials to become either superabsorbent or super repellent. This has tremendous commercial potential when you consider waterproof materials, electronics, and buildings. Nokia is already working on developing a waterproof smartphone.Energy storageGraphene’s ability to conduct heat and electricity extremely effectively lend it to the development of more rapidly-charging batteries. Prototype Graphene smartphone batteries in development at UCLA and elsewhere cha rge fully in mere seconds. Graphene-based super capacitors are being explored for eventual usage in cellphones and other portable devices.Another application is in the production of more proficient photovoltaic cells, which could be used in clothing, and is of particular interest to firms developing wearable tech, such as Wearable Solar. Even the U.S. military is looking into photovoltaics to power military equipment in the field. As Graphene research and development continues, it will doubtlessly be integrated into commercial and military photovoltaic production.Other applicationsGraphene’s incorporation into other materials, such as paint, plastic, and polymer production, is being explored. A Grapheneâ€"based paint, applied to a device or a house for example, could conceivably also store solar energy, powering the device or home.Graphene’s strength and light weight lend themselves to the production of goods and parts typically utilizing plastics and polymers, such as car and p lane parts. Composites of Graphene plus plastics or polymers could be industry standards for everything from bikes to wind turbines in a few short years.Graphene is also being studied as a potential material for 3D printing. 3D printing is a type of additive manufacturing process in which printers can rapidly produce three dimensional objects from a digital file. This process has been used to print objects as simple as lampshades and as complex as one-story house. Image credits: Flickr | CORE-Materials under Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic.

Hamlet and The Great Gatsby - 1134 Words

No two human beings that have ever inhabited the earth were, are, or will ever be alike. Every individual possesses his or her own looks, qualities, morals, personality, and much more. Comparing two characters from arguably, two of the greatest stories ever written, is quite a feat to accomplish. One could already relate the two main protagonists of Hamlet and The Great Gatsby just by looking at the titles of the novels! Hamlet and Jay Gatsby are two characters, who can easily be overanalyzed without truly researching into their own stories and unveiling just who these two gentlemen are, for they are enigmas, and can be scrutinized into being more similar than one may think. Hamlet and The Great Gatsby each have stories within stories within stories. Characters in both synopses are somehow related to one another. In Hamlet, when King Hamlet dies, Claudius â€Å"inherits† the throne, because he gets married to Gertrude. He is not just another man involved with the royal court, but rather he is actually related, being King Hamlet’s brother. Another example is when young Fortinbras of Norway should just be considered another king of another nation in Europe and has no relations to Denmark or any rulers, courts, or people in Hamlet. However, young Fortinbras must become involved with Denmark, because after all, it was the late King Hamlet who killed his father, Fortinbras, and so naturally, he feels the need to revenge his father’s death. In The Great Gatsby, the narrator, Nick isShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby vs. Hamlet1514 Words   |  7 Pagesthe novel The Great Gatsby, love is shown between many different characters in different ways. The reader experiences love at its best and worst. We see relationships flourish, rekindle and end between the different characters. The most controversial relationship is the relationship between Daisy and Tom. Through infidelity, and mistrust, tragedy occurs. Other characters become associated with their marital problems, showing different kinds of love and relationships. In the play Hamlet, the readerRead MoreCompare the Great Gatsby and Hamlet2641 Words   |  11 PagesMelody Akinduro ENG4U Ms.Jackson 8th of January 2012. The Journal Of The Great Gatsby JOURNAL ONE The great Gatsby book started with a man telling us his father advised him never to criticize anyone , he said his father told him he should remember that all this people in this world havent had the advantages that youve had and his father thought him how to be reserved. He also have good manners and a well honourable character. Nick just graduated from yale university and heRead MoreTragedy: Shakespeares Hamlet and Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby1007 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare and the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the objective is to divulge the quintessence of humanity. Although the protagonists in both works of literature have drastically different journeys that lead to climactic endings, the use of plot is to demonstrate that the essence of mankind is ultimately a tragedy if great care is not taken. Both Hamlet and Jay Gatsby are unable to focus on the reality of the situation, and rather waste valuable timeRead MoreEssay on Ha mlet and Gatsby Comparison1114 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel  The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsbys longing for Daisy Buchanan leads him to his own downfall. Similarly in the novel  Hamlet, Hamlets extreme love for his father and his hatred towards his mother play a major role in his tragedy. In these works, there are a number of motivating factors that contribute to the downfall of the main characters- obsession, hatred, and the wanting to be accepted – but ultimately it is love that leads to the demise of Gatsby and Hamlet. Hamlet loved his fatherRead MoreGatsby and Hamlet Essays2219 Words   |  9 PagesExamining Hamlet and The Great Gatsby 1/9/13 According to Roger Lewis, â€Å"The acquisition of money and love are both part of the same dream, the will to return to the quintessential unity that exists only at birth and at death† (41). In both William Shakespeares play, Hamlet, and F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, the protagonists are willing to sacrifice all that they have in order to achieve their unrealistic objectives and ambitions, resulting in their tragic demises. While thereRead More Comparing Fitzgeralds Great Gatsby and Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock1134 Words   |  5 PagesFitzgeralds Great Gatsby and Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock   Ã‚   The Roaring Twenties bring to mind a generation of endless partying, which reflected very little of the morals of the generations preceding it. The world, for that generation, was fast-paced and thoroughly material, crowded with bizarre and colorful characters like David Belasco and Arnold Rothstein. Inspired by this eras spiritually exhausted people (Brians), F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and T. S. Read MoreHow Is Oedipus A Tragic Hero831 Words   |  4 Pagesstated that â€Å"a man doesn’t become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall,† when describing a tragic hero. Throughout history, there have been many literary tragic heroes: Hamlet from Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Romeo from Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, and even Jay Gatsby from F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Often times, when discussing tragic heroes, the Theban tragedy of Oedipus Rex and his family is brought up. The tragic hero, Oedipus Rex was t he heir to the throne of Thebes who wasRead MoreAnalysis Of F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby 1665 Words   |  7 Pagesmodernism as framework, F. Scott Fitzgerald, T.S. Elliot, and George Bernard Shaw have all created literary works that marked the new and unorthodox ways of viewing and interacting with the world with the beginning of the twentieth century. The Great Gatsby, The Love Song of J. A. Prufrock, The Wasteland, and Pygmalion portrayed the rejection of principles for religion, tradition, and morality in order to progress into their ever changing societies as an unpleasant reaction to the preceding VictorianRead MoreTragic Hero1598 Words   |  7 PagesStrife from Final Fantasy VII †¢ Creon from Antigone by Sophocles †¢ Eddie, from Arthur Miller s A View from the Bridge †¢ Ethan Frome from Edith Wharton s Ethan Frome †¢ Hamlet from Shakespeare s Hamlet †¢ Jack Bauer from the television series 24 †¢ James Gatz (Jay Gatsby) from The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald †¢ JC Denton from the PC game Deus Ex †¢ John-117 from the Halo video games †¢ Michael Corleone, from The Godfather books (by Mario Puzo) and filmsRead MoreComparative Essay- the Great Gatsby4190 Words   |  17 PagesBehind every great man lies a great women. In some cases the women herself may not always be good or ideal according to society. Nevertheless it seems to add character to the man,and also influences his actions and maybe even his morals. In Shakespearean literature,Shakespeare tends to use people to develop certain characters throughout the play. In Romeo and Juliet, Juliet is the person with the most influence on Romeo. This influence allows him to develop as a character and also helps develop

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Different Sociological Perspectives - 1915 Words

Critically Analyse and Evalute The Different Sociological Perspectives On The Types of Family And Households In Britain. Evaluate Their Functions And Roles. To What Extent Do They Take Into Account The Diversity of Family Types In Britain? In this essay I will be looking at the different sociological theories as they relate to the family household, functions and roles. The socialists include The Functionalist , The Marxist, The Feminists, The New Rights and The Post Modernisms. There is an array of different family types. These include the nuclear family, reconstituted family/step family, single parent family, cultural family, and even more so in the modern times an evolution of different and alternative family types are getting more†¦show more content†¦The expression for the instrumental and expressive roles isn’t as valid when you apply them into the roles of the sexes, as now with the increase of different family types the roles can be reversed or one parent could provide the instrumental and expressive role. Marxists do not view the family as acting in the interest of society as a whole but more in the form of a superstructure that benefits the capitalist system. â€Å"Marxist see the family within the framework of a capitalist society, which is based on private property, driven by profit and is riddled with conflict between social classes with opposing interest†. (Browne pg 123) According to the Marxists the industrial aspects and the reproduction of people and generations contributes to the system by them working to maintain the economic system. This view on the family fails to take into account the sociological benefits a family can have outside of the industrial perspective. Brown (n.d) states that Engles, an early Marxists, believed that the monogamous practice of the nuclear family guarantees the paternity of the children, therefore ensuring that private property was passed down to the right people. There is also the perception that women married for material gain as, like the functionalists, they believed men should be the breadwinners and women should stayShow MoreRelatedDifferent Cultures From A Sociological Perspective1458 Words   |  6 Pagesthat are occurring in my own life and how relationships in being made in t he future will be affected will be changed because of this. This reflective paper will focus on the various differences in cultures from a sociological perspective, and provide examples from my own life on how different cultures and social groups alike can change the actions and feelings of a person, whether it be conscious or not. Socialization is a very important and critical aspect of the life course. The agents of socializationRead MoreSoc 101-Family Through Different Sociological Perspectives2143 Words   |  9 PagesRunning Head: FAMILY THROUGH DIFFERENT SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES Family Through Different Sociological Perspectives Stephani Marlow SOC 101 Instructor Marian Spaid-Ross Jan 15th, 2012 All families are unique. A few decades ago, the most common type of family was the mother and father living with their unmarried children. Today, families are vastly different including more single-parent households than ever before, stepfamilies, and adopted families, and grandparents raising their grandchildrenRead MoreMerit 2 – Use different sociological perspectives to discuss patterns and trends of health and illness in two different social groups.1037 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Merit 2 – Use different sociological perspectives to discuss patterns and trends of health and illness in two different social groups. Distinction 1 - Evaluate different sociological explanations for patterns and trends of health and illness in two different social groups. There are many different factors that can increase your chance of becoming ill and dying. The different factors are social class, gender, age and ethnicity. The different social groups I will look at are social class and genderRead MoreSociological Perspective On The And Mate Selection1597 Words   |  7 Pagespossesses strong sociological perspective however would argue that the decision of marriage is largely influenced by factors from the world around them. More specifically, sociological perspective is the point of view that examines how institutions such as the government or mass media, cultural norms and beliefs, and social hierarchies such as race or ethnicity influence the lives of individuals (Mills 2013:3-4). It can also be explained as the opposite of an individualistic perspective, which is theRead MoreEssay on The Sociological Imagination1389 Words   |  6 PagesMy personal condensed definition of â€Å"the sociological imagination† is that it is the idea one s hould be aware of the societal structures around themselves, and how those structures can influence a person and vice-versa. In addition, I think that having a â€Å"sociological imagination† also involves a deep appreciation for the importance of society and culture. Consequently, for a person that has completed a basic introduction to sociology college course and actually paid attention, I would hope thatRead MoreScociological1136 Words   |  5 PagesMajor Sociological Paradigms There are three sociological perspectives that shape the structure of society as a whole. Functionalist perspective, symbolic interactionism and conflict theory. Sociologists develop these theories to explain social phenomena. In this essay I will explain the origins and evolution of the three main sociological perspectives and listing the sociologists that made major contributions to these disciplines. â€Å"The functionalist perspective is a sociological approachRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination, By C. Wright Mills799 Words   |  4 Pages The sociological imagination, a concept used by C. Wright Mills, is essentially the ability to perceive a situation or act in a much larger social context as well as examining the situation or act from many perspectives. In particular, it plays a paramount role in Donna Gaines Teenage Wasteland. It is a tragic story of 4 teens who together, committed suicide. The teens were deemed as â€Å"dropouts, druggies† [Teenage Wasteland 8.2] by newspapers and were still treated with disdain even after theirRead MoreReaction Paper675 Words   |  3 Pagesin the field of Sociology each person is going to approach topics in a different manner. Not everyone is going to have the exact same view on a particular subject. There are however, three major categories in which people might choose to approach topics. The approaches are known as sociolog ical perspectives and are the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives. These perspectives name other ways in which different people choose to analyze a subject, and how they look at a society asRead MoreEssay on what is the sociological perspective (imagination)691 Words   |  3 PagesQuestion 1: What is the sociological perspective? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What is the nature of the social sciences? This is the question that began the study of society, first performed by C. Wright Mills in his development of the idea of the sociological imagination. There are many different aspects to the sociological perspective. Merriam-Webster dictionary defines perspective as â€Å"the capacity to view things in their true relations or relative importance†Read MoreSociology Paper The Other Wes Moore 1356 Words   |  6 Pages 2010, front cover). The Other Wes Moore is about two guys with the same name but end up going down totally different paths in life, hence the quote. In this paper it will discuss the novel, The Other Wes Moore, describe their social location, and describe the sociological perspectives used in sociology and analyze excerpts from the book using each of the three sociological perspectives. Social location is the combination of social factors which locate someone in society (Henslin,2013, pg.